Pronoun – Complete Study Material
इस chapter में Pronoun की definition, types, rules, examples, person और number, subject-object pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite pronouns, common mistakes और practice questions को आसान भाषा में समझाया गया है।
Pronoun क्या है?
Noun की जगह जिस word का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उसे Pronoun कहते हैं। Pronoun का मुख्य उद्देश्य sentence में किसी Noun को बार-बार दोहराने से बचाना है।
Rahul is a student. Rahul goes to school every day.
यहाँ Rahul को बार-बार लिखने के बजाय हम कह सकते हैं:
Rahul is a student. He goes to school every day.
यहाँ He, Rahul की जगह आया है। इसलिए He एक Pronoun है।
Pronoun के मुख्य Types
| Type | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Pronoun | व्यक्ति के लिए | I, we, you, he, she, it, they |
| Possessive Pronoun | अधिकार/स्वामित्व बताने के लिए | mine, yours, his, hers |
| Reflexive Pronoun | कर्ता पर ही action लौटे | myself, yourself, himself |
| Demonstrative Pronoun | संकेत करने के लिए | this, that, these, those |
| Interrogative Pronoun | प्रश्न पूछने के लिए | who, whom, whose, which, what |
| Relative Pronoun | दो clauses को जोड़ने के लिए | who, whom, whose, which, that |
| Indefinite Pronoun | अनिश्चित व्यक्ति/वस्तु के लिए | someone, anyone, nobody |
| Distributive Pronoun | एक-एक करके बताने के लिए | each, either, neither |
1. Personal Pronoun
जो Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के लिए प्रयोग किए जाते हैं, उन्हें Personal Pronouns कहते हैं।
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| First Person | I | We |
| Second Person | You | You |
| Third Person | He, She, It | They |
Examples:
- I am preparing for the exam.
- We are students.
- You are hardworking.
- He plays cricket.
- She is a teacher.
- They are ready.
2. Subject और Object Pronoun
Pronoun का रूप इस बात पर निर्भर करता है कि वह sentence में Subject है या Object।
| Subject | Object |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| we | us |
| you | you |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| they | them |
Correct: She helped me.
Incorrect: She helped I.
3. Possessive Pronoun
जो Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु पर ownership या possession दिखाते हैं, उन्हें Possessive Pronouns कहते हैं।
| Possessive Form | Example |
|---|---|
| mine | This book is mine. |
| yours | This pen is yours. |
| his | The bag is his. |
| hers | The car is hers. |
| ours | The house is ours. |
| theirs | The seats are theirs. |
This is my book.
यह book mine है।
4. Reflexive Pronoun
जब sentence का action वापस उसी Subject पर आता है, तब Reflexive Pronoun का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
| Pronoun | Reflexive |
|---|---|
| I | myself |
| you | yourself / yourselves |
| he | himself |
| she | herself |
| it | itself |
| we | ourselves |
| they | themselves |
Examples:
- I hurt myself.
- She prepared herself for the interview.
- They enjoyed themselves.
- We completed the work ourselves.
5. Demonstrative Pronoun
जो Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत करते हैं, उन्हें Demonstrative Pronouns कहते हैं।
| Pronoun | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| this | एक, पास | This is my book. |
| that | एक, दूर | That is your bag. |
| these | एक से अधिक, पास | These are my books. |
| those | एक से अधिक, दूर | Those are your shoes. |
6. Interrogative Pronoun
प्रश्न पूछने के लिए प्रयोग किए जाने वाले Pronouns को Interrogative Pronouns कहते हैं।
- Who – व्यक्ति के बारे में पूछने के लिए
- Whom – object के बारे में पूछने के लिए
- Whose – possession पूछने के लिए
- Which – विकल्पों में से पूछने के लिए
- What – वस्तु/जानकारी के बारे में पूछने के लिए
Examples:
Who is your teacher?
Whom did you meet?
Whose book is this?
Which is your bag?
What do you want?
7. Relative Pronoun
Relative Pronoun का प्रयोग किसी noun या pronoun से संबंधित additional information देने और clauses को जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है।
मुख्य Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that
Examples:
The boy who won the race is my friend.
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
The man whose car was stolen reported the matter.
8. Indefinite Pronoun
जब किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की पहचान निश्चित रूप से नहीं बताई जाती, तब Indefinite Pronoun का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
| Pronoun | Example |
|---|---|
| someone | Someone is calling you. |
| somebody | Somebody has taken my pen. |
| anyone | Anyone can participate. |
| everyone | Everyone is ready. |
| nobody | Nobody knows the answer. |
| something | Something is wrong. |
| nothing | Nothing is impossible. |
9. Distributive Pronoun
जब दो या दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं को एक-एक करके अलग-अलग दर्शाया जाता है, तब Distributive Pronoun का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
मुख्य words: each, either, neither
Examples:
Each of the boys has a book.
Either of the two answers is correct.
Neither of the answers is correct.
Pronoun के Important Rules
Rule 1: Pronoun का reference clear होना चाहिए
Pronoun किस noun के लिए इस्तेमाल हुआ है, यह स्पष्ट होना चाहिए।
Rule 2: Pronoun और Antecedent में Agreement
Pronoun को अपने antecedent के number और person के अनुसार होना चाहिए।
Correct: Every student must bring his or her identity card.
Better modern alternative: Every student must bring their identity card.
Rule 3: One of + plural noun
One of + plural noun के बाद verb सामान्यतः singular होता है।
One of the students is absent.
One of my friends lives in Delhi.
Rule 4: Between के बाद Object Pronoun
Preposition के बाद सामान्यतः Object Pronoun का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Correct: This is between you and me.
Incorrect: This is between you and I.
Rule 5: Myself का गलत प्रयोग न करें
Myself को सामान्यतः I के स्थान पर अकेले Subject के रूप में नहीं इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए।
Incorrect: Myself is Rahul.
Correct: I am Rahul.
Rule 6: Who और Whom
Traditional grammar में who को subject और whom को object के रूप में समझाया जाता है।
Who called you?
You called whom?
Common Pronoun Mistakes
| Incorrect | Correct |
|---|---|
| She helped I. | She helped me. |
| Between you and I | Between you and me |
| Myself Rahul. | I am Rahul. |
| One of the boy is absent. | One of the boys is absent. |
| Each of the students have a book. | Each of the students has a book. |
Pronoun और Noun में अंतर
| Noun | Pronoun |
|---|---|
| Rahul is a student. | He is a student. |
| Riya is reading a book. | She is reading a book. |
| The students are ready. | They are ready. |
Exam Practice Questions
नीचे दिए गए questions को बिना answers देखे solve करने की कोशिश करें।
Q1. Which of the following is a Pronoun?
A) Rahul
B) Book
C) He
D) School
Q2. Choose the correct sentence.
A) She helped I.
B) She helped me.
C) She helped myself.
D) She helped mine.
Q3. Identify the Reflexive Pronoun.
A) He
B) Him
C) Himself
D) His
Q4. Choose the correct option.
One of the students ___ absent.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
Q5. Which is a Possessive Pronoun?
A) My
B) Mine
C) Me
D) Myself
Q6. Identify the Demonstrative Pronoun.
A) Someone
B) Himself
C) These
D) Who
Q7. Choose the correct sentence.
A) This book is my.
B) This book is mine.
C) This book is me.
D) This book is myself.
Q8. Which word is an Interrogative Pronoun?
A) Who
B) They
C) Himself
D) Someone
Q9. Choose the correct sentence.
A) Between you and I
B) Between you and me
C) Between I and you
D) Between myself and I
Q10. Identify the Indefinite Pronoun.
A) Everyone
B) Rahul
C) These
D) Which
Answers with Explanation
| Q. | Answer | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | C | He, Noun की जगह इस्तेमाल होने वाला Pronoun है। |
| 2 | B | Helped के बाद Object Pronoun me आएगा। |
| 3 | C | Himself एक Reflexive Pronoun है। |
| 4 | C | One of + plural noun के बाद सामान्यतः singular verb आता है। |
| 5 | B | Mine Possessive Pronoun है। |
| 6 | C | These किसी पास की plural वस्तुओं की ओर संकेत करता है। |
| 7 | B | Mine noun के बिना possession दिखा सकता है। |
| 8 | A | Who प्रश्न पूछने के लिए प्रयोग होता है। |
| 9 | B | Between एक preposition है, इसलिए object form me का प्रयोग होता है। |
| 10 | A | Everyone किसी निश्चित व्यक्ति का नाम नहीं बताता, इसलिए यह Indefinite Pronoun है। |
Quick Revision
Pronoun → Noun की जगह प्रयोग होने वाला word
Personal Pronoun → I, we, you, he, she, it, they
Object Pronoun → me, us, you, him, her, it, them
Possessive Pronoun → mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
Reflexive Pronoun → myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
Demonstrative Pronoun → this, that, these, those
Interrogative Pronoun → who, whom, whose, which, what
Relative Pronoun → who, whom, whose, which, that
Indefinite Pronoun → someone, anyone, everyone, nobody आदि
Distributive Pronoun → each, either, neither
Frequently Asked Questions
Pronoun क्या है?
Noun की जगह प्रयोग किए जाने वाले word को Pronoun कहते हैं।
Pronoun क्यों प्रयोग किया जाता है?
किसी Noun को बार-बार दोहराने से बचने और sentence को natural बनाने के लिए Pronoun का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
My और Mine में क्या अंतर है?
My सामान्यतः noun से पहले आता है, जबकि Mine possessive pronoun के रूप में noun के बिना प्रयोग हो सकता है।
Myself का प्रयोग कब होता है?
Myself Reflexive Pronoun है और इसका प्रयोग तब किया जाता है जब action का प्रभाव उसी subject पर वापस आता है।
Who और Whom में क्या अंतर है?
Traditional grammar में Who को subject और Whom को object के रूप में समझाया जाता है।
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